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 performance measurements

Each table row shows performance measurements for this C++ g++ program with a particular command-line input value N.

 N  CPU secs Elapsed secs Memory KB Code B ≈ CPU Load
2,0980.090.09?4862  0% 0% 0% 100%

Read the ↓ make, command line, and program output logs to see how this program was run.

Read meteor-contest benchmark to see what this program should do.

 notes

gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.3-1ubuntu1) 4.7.3

 meteor-contest C++ g++ #3 program source code

// The Computer Language Benchmarks Game
// http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/
// contributed by Ben St. John
// some ideas taken from Kevin Barnes' implementation

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <memory.h>

using namespace std;

#define getMask(iPos) (1 << iPos)

enum {X, Y, N_DIM};
enum {EVEN, ODD, N_PARITY};

typedef unsigned int TUInt32;
typedef unsigned long long TUInt64;
typedef signed char TInt8;
typedef TUInt32 BitVec;

static const int N_COL = 5;
static const int N_ROW = 10;
static const int N_CELL = N_COL * N_ROW;
static const int N_PIECE_TYPE = 10;

class Piece;
struct Solution
{
   static const int NO_PIECE = -1;

   void setCells(void);
   bool lessThan(Solution & r);
   string toString(void) const;
   void fill(int val);
   void spin(Solution & spun);

   bool isEmpty(void) {return (m_nPiece == 0);}
   void removeLastPiece(void) {m_nPiece--; m_synched = false;}
   void addPiece(const BitVec & vec, int iPiece, int row) {
      SPiece & p = m_pieces[m_nPiece++];
      p.vec = vec;
      p.iPiece = (short)iPiece;
      p.row = (short)row;
   }

   Solution(int fillVal);
   Solution() : m_synched(false), m_nPiece(0) {}

   struct SPiece {
      BitVec vec;
      short iPiece;
      short row;
      SPiece() {}
      SPiece(BitVec avec, TUInt32 apiece, TUInt32 arow) :
      vec(avec), iPiece(short(apiece)), row(short(arow))
      {}
   };
   SPiece m_pieces[N_PIECE_TYPE];
   TUInt32 m_nPiece;
   TInt8 m_cells[N_ROW][N_COL];
   bool m_synched;
};

//------------------------------------
struct Board
{
   static const BitVec L_EDGE_MASK =
      (1LL <<  0) | (1LL <<  5) | (1LL << 10) | (1LL << 15) |
      (1LL << 20) | (1LL << 25) | (1LL << 30);
   static const BitVec R_EDGE_MASK = L_EDGE_MASK << 4;
   static const BitVec TOP_ROW = (1 << N_COL) - 1;
   static const BitVec ROW_0_MASK =
      TOP_ROW        | (TOP_ROW << 10) | (TOP_ROW << 20) | (TOP_ROW << 30);
   static const BitVec ROW_1_MASK = ROW_0_MASK << 5;
   static const BitVec BOARD_MASK = (1 << 30) - 1;

   Board();

   static TUInt32 getIndex(TUInt32 x, TUInt32 y) { return y * N_COL + x;    }
   static bool hasBadFirstRegion(BitVec & toFill, BitVec rNew);
   static bool hasBadIslands(BitVec boardVec, int row);
   static bool calcBadIslands(const BitVec boardVec, int row);
   static bool hasBadIslandsSingle(const BitVec & boardVec, int row);

   void genAllSolutions(BitVec boardVec, TUInt32 placedPieces, TUInt32 iNextFill);
   void recordSolution(Solution & s);

   Solution m_curSolution;
   Solution m_minSolution;
   Solution m_maxSolution;
   TUInt32 m_nSolutionFound;
};

//------------------------------------

class Piece
{
public:
   struct Instance {
      TUInt64 m_allowed;
      BitVec m_vec;
      int m_offset;
      int m_w;
      int m_h;
   };

   static const int N_ELEM = 5;
   static const int N_ORIENT = 12;
   static const int ALL_PIECE_MASK = (1 << N_PIECE_TYPE) - 1;
   static const TUInt32 SKIP_PIECE = 5; // it's magic!

   typedef int TCoordList[N_ELEM][N_DIM];

   static const BitVec BaseDefinitions[N_PIECE_TYPE];
   static Piece s_basePiece[N_PIECE_TYPE][N_ORIENT];

   static const Instance & getPiece(TUInt32 iPiece, TUInt32 iOrient, TUInt32 iParity);
   static bool checkBaseDefinitions(void);
   static BitVec toBitVector(const TCoordList & coords);
   static void genOrientation(const BitVec & vec, TUInt32 iOrient, Piece & target);
   static void setCoordList(const BitVec & vec, TCoordList & coords);
   static void shiftUpLines(TCoordList & coords, int shift);
   static void shiftToX0(TCoordList & coords, Instance & instance, int offsetRow);
   void setAllowedPositions(TUInt32 isOdd);
   static void genAllOrientations(void);

   Instance m_instance[N_PARITY];
};

struct AllowedPieces {
   signed char nPieces[N_PIECE_TYPE];
   // DEVNOTE: could be done more efficiently (space-wise)
   TUInt32 pieceVec[N_PIECE_TYPE][Piece::N_ORIENT];
};

AllowedPieces g_allowedPieces[N_ROW][N_COL] = {{0}};

// should be moved in Board, but I'm lazy
enum {CLOSED, OPEN, N_FIXED};
#define MAX_ISLAND_OFFSET 1024
struct IslandInfo {
   TUInt32 hasBadIslands[N_FIXED][N_PARITY];
   TUInt32 isKnown[N_FIXED][N_PARITY];
};

IslandInfo g_islandInfo[MAX_ISLAND_OFFSET] = {0};
int g_nIslandInfo = 0;

//------------------------------------
Solution::Solution(int fillVal) :
m_nPiece(0) {
   fill(fillVal);
}

void Solution::fill(int val)
{
   m_synched = false;
   memset(&m_cells[0][0], val, N_CELL);
}

string Solution::toString(void) const
{
   string result;
   result.reserve(N_CELL * 2);

   for (int y = 0; y < N_ROW; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < N_COL; x++) {
         int val = m_cells[y][x];
         result += ((val == NO_PIECE) ? '.' : char('0' + val));
         result += ' ';
      }
      result += '\n';

      // indent every second line
      if (y % 2 == 0)
         result += " ";
   }

   return result; // copies result. Oh well
}

void Solution::setCells(void)
{
   if (m_synched)
      return;

   fill(NO_PIECE);

   // could be more efficient
   for (TUInt32 iPiece = 0; iPiece < m_nPiece; iPiece++) {
      const SPiece & p = m_pieces[iPiece];
      BitVec vec = p.vec;
      TInt8 pID = (TInt8)p.iPiece;
      int rowOffset = p.row;

      int nNewCells = 0;
      for (int y = rowOffset; y < N_ROW; y++) {
         for (int x = 0; x < N_COL; x++) {
            if (vec & 1) {
               m_cells[y][x] = pID;
               nNewCells++;
            }
            vec >>= 1;
         }
         if (nNewCells == Piece::N_ELEM)
            break;
      }
   }


   m_synched = true;
}

bool Solution::lessThan(Solution & r)
{
   if (m_pieces[0].iPiece != r.m_pieces[0].iPiece) {
      return m_pieces[0].iPiece < r.m_pieces[0].iPiece;
   }

   setCells();
   r.setCells();

   int y;
   for (y = 0; y < N_ROW; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < N_COL; x++) {
         int lval = m_cells[y][x];
         int rval = r.m_cells[y][x];

         if (lval != rval)
            return (lval < rval);
      }
   }

   return false; // solutions are equal
}

void Solution::spin(Solution & spun)
{
   setCells();

   // swap cells
   for (int y = 0; y < N_ROW; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < N_COL; x++) {
         TInt8 flipped = m_cells[N_ROW - y - 1][N_COL - x - 1];
         spun.m_cells[y][x] = flipped;
      }
   }

   // swap first and last pieces (the rest aren't used)
   spun.m_pieces[0].iPiece = m_pieces[N_PIECE_TYPE - 1].iPiece;
   spun.m_synched = true;
}

//------------------------------------

Piece Piece::s_basePiece[N_PIECE_TYPE][N_ORIENT];

const BitVec Piece::BaseDefinitions[] = {
   0x010f,   0x00cb, 0x1087, 0x0427, 0x0465,
   0x00c7, 0x08423, 0x00a7, 0x0187, 0x008f
};

int floor(int top, int bot) {
   int toZero = top / bot;
   // negative numbers should be rounded down, not towards zero
   if ((toZero * bot != top) && ((top < 0) != (bot <= 0)))
      toZero--;

   return toZero;
}

static const TUInt32 s_firstOne[32] =   {
   0, 0, 1, 0,
   2, 0, 1, 0,
   3, 0, 1, 0,
   2, 0, 1, 0,

   4, 0, 1, 0,
   2, 0, 1, 0,
   3, 0, 1, 0,
   2, 0, 1, 0,
};

TUInt32 getFirstOne(const BitVec & v, TUInt32 startPos = 0) {
   if (v == (BitVec)0)
      return 0;

   TUInt32 iPos = startPos;
   BitVec mask = 0xff << startPos;
   while ((mask & v) == 0) {
      mask <<= 8;
      iPos += 8;
   }
   TUInt32 result = TUInt32((mask & v) >> iPos);
   TUInt32 resultLow = result & 0x0f;
   if (resultLow != 0)
      iPos += s_firstOne[resultLow];
   else
      iPos += 4 + s_firstOne[result >> 4];

   return iPos;
}

TUInt32 countOnes(BitVec v) {
   TUInt32 n = 0;
   while (v) {
      n++;
      v = v & (v - 1);
   }

   return n;
}

void Piece::setCoordList(const BitVec & vec, TCoordList & coords) {
   int iCoord = 0;
   BitVec mask = 1;
   for (int y = 0; y < N_ROW; y++) {
      for (int x = 0; x < N_COL; x++) {
         if (mask & vec) {
            coords[iCoord][X] = x;
            coords[iCoord][Y] = y;

            iCoord++;
         }
         mask <<= 1;
      }
   }
}

BitVec Piece::toBitVector(const TCoordList & coords) {
   int y, x;
   BitVec result = 0;
   for (int iCoord = 0; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
      x = coords[iCoord][X];
      y = coords[iCoord][Y];

      int pos = Board::getIndex(x, y);
      result |= (1 << pos);
   }

   return result;
}

void Piece::shiftUpLines(TCoordList & coords, int shift) {
   // shifts are not so simple in the vertical direction
   for (int iCoord = 0; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
      int & rx = coords[iCoord][X];
      int & ry = coords[iCoord][Y];

      if (ry & shift & 0x1)
         rx++;
      ry -= shift;
   }
}

void Piece::shiftToX0(TCoordList & coords, Piece::Instance & instance, int offsetRow)
{
   // .. determine shift
   int x, y;
   int xMin = coords[0][X];
   int xMax = xMin;
   int iCoord;
   for (iCoord = 1; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
      x = coords[iCoord][X];
      y = coords[iCoord][Y];

      if (x < xMin)
         xMin = x;
      else if (x > xMax)
         xMax = x;
   }

   // I'm dying for a 'foreach' here
   int offset = N_ELEM;
   for (iCoord = 0; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
      int & rx = coords[iCoord][X];
      int & ry = coords[iCoord][Y];

      rx -= xMin;

      // check offset -- leftmost cell on top line
      if ((ry == offsetRow) && (rx < offset))
         offset = rx;
   }

   instance.m_w = xMax - xMin;
   instance.m_offset = offset;
   instance.m_vec = toBitVector(coords);
}

void Piece::setAllowedPositions(TUInt32 isOdd)
{
   Piece::Instance & p = m_instance[isOdd];
   TUInt64 & allowed = p.m_allowed = 0;
   TUInt64 posMask = 1LL << (isOdd * N_COL);

   for (int y = isOdd; y < N_ROW - p.m_h; y+=2, posMask <<= N_COL) {
      if (p.m_offset)
         posMask <<= p.m_offset;

      for (int xPos = 0; xPos < N_COL - p.m_offset; xPos++, posMask <<= 1){
         // check if the new position is on the board
         if (xPos >= N_COL - p.m_w)
            continue;

         // move it to the desired location
         BitVec pieceVec = p.m_vec << xPos;

         if (Board::hasBadIslandsSingle(pieceVec, y))
            continue;

         // position is allowed
         allowed |= posMask;
      }
   }
}

void Piece::genOrientation(const BitVec & vec, TUInt32 iOrient, Piece & target)
{
   // get (x,y) coordinates
   TCoordList coords;
   setCoordList(vec, coords);

   int y, x;
   int iCoord = 0;
   int rot = iOrient % 6;
   int flip = iOrient >= 6;
   if (flip) {
      for (iCoord = 0; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++)
         coords[iCoord][Y] = -coords[iCoord][Y];
   }

   // rotate (if necessary)
   while (rot--) {
      for (iCoord = 0; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
         x = coords[iCoord][X];
         y = coords[iCoord][Y];

         // I just worked this out by hand. Took a while.
         int xNew = floor((2 * x - 3 * y + 1), 4);
         int yNew = floor((2 * x + y + 1), 2);
         coords[iCoord][X] = xNew;
         coords[iCoord][Y] = yNew;
      }
   }

   // shift vertically
   // .. determine shift
   int yMin = coords[0][Y];
   int yMax = yMin;
   for (iCoord = 1; iCoord < N_ELEM; iCoord++) {
      y = coords[iCoord][Y];

      if (y < yMin)
         yMin = y;
      else if (y > yMax)
         yMax = y;
   }
   TUInt32 h = yMax - yMin;
   Instance & even = target.m_instance[EVEN];
   Instance & odd = target.m_instance[ODD];
   even.m_h = h;
   odd.m_h = h;

   shiftUpLines(coords, yMin);
   shiftToX0(coords, even, 0);
   target.setAllowedPositions(EVEN);
   even.m_vec >>= even.m_offset;

   // shift down one line
   shiftUpLines(coords, -1);
   shiftToX0(coords, odd, 1);
   // shift the bitmask back one line
   odd.m_vec >>= N_COL;
   target.setAllowedPositions(ODD);
   odd.m_vec >>= odd.m_offset;
}

void Piece::genAllOrientations(void) {
   for (int iPiece = 0; iPiece < N_PIECE_TYPE; iPiece++) {
      const BitVec & refPiece = BaseDefinitions[iPiece];
      for (int iOrient = 0; iOrient < N_ORIENT; iOrient++) {
         Piece & p = s_basePiece[iPiece][iOrient];
         genOrientation(refPiece, iOrient, p);
         if ((iPiece == SKIP_PIECE) && ((iOrient / 3) & 1))
            p.m_instance[0].m_allowed = p.m_instance[1].m_allowed = 0;
      }
   }

   for (int iPiece = 0; iPiece < N_PIECE_TYPE; iPiece++) {
      for (int iOrient = 0; iOrient < N_ORIENT; iOrient++) {
         TUInt64 mask = 1;
         for (int iRow = 0; iRow < N_ROW; iRow++) {
            const Piece::Instance & p = getPiece(iPiece, iOrient, (iRow & 1));
            for (int iCol = 0; iCol < N_COL; iCol++) {
               AllowedPieces & allowed = g_allowedPieces[iRow][iCol];
               if (p.m_allowed & mask) {
                  signed char & nPiece = allowed.nPieces[iPiece];
                  allowed.pieceVec[iPiece][nPiece] = p.m_vec << iCol;
                  nPiece++;
               }

               mask <<= 1;
            }
         }
      }
   }
}


const Piece::Instance & Piece::getPiece(TUInt32 iPiece, TUInt32 iOrient, TUInt32 iParity) {
   return s_basePiece[iPiece][iOrient].m_instance[iParity];
}

// ------------------------------------

Board::Board() :
m_curSolution(Solution::NO_PIECE), m_minSolution(N_PIECE_TYPE),
m_maxSolution(Solution::NO_PIECE), m_nSolutionFound(0)
{
}

bool Board::hasBadFirstRegion(BitVec & toFill, BitVec rNew)
{
   // grow empty region, until it doesn't change any more
   BitVec region;
   do {
      region = rNew;

      // grow right/left
      rNew |= (region & ~L_EDGE_MASK) >> 1;
      rNew |= (region & ~R_EDGE_MASK) << 1;

      // simple grow up/down
      rNew |= (region >> N_COL);
      rNew |= (region << N_COL);

      // tricky growth
      BitVec evenRegion = region & (ROW_0_MASK & ~L_EDGE_MASK);
      rNew |= evenRegion >> (N_COL + 1);
      rNew |= evenRegion << (N_COL - 1);

      BitVec oddRegion = region & (ROW_1_MASK & ~R_EDGE_MASK);
      rNew |= oddRegion >> (N_COL - 1);
      rNew |= oddRegion << (N_COL + 1);

      // clamp against existing pieces
      rNew &= toFill;
   }
   while ((rNew != toFill) && (rNew != region));

   // subtract empty region from board
   toFill ^= rNew;

   TUInt32 nEmptyCells = countOnes(toFill);
   if (nEmptyCells % Piece::N_ELEM != 0)
      return true;

   return false;
}

bool Board::hasBadIslands(BitVec boardVec, int row)
{
   // skip over any filled rows
   while ((boardVec & TOP_ROW) == TOP_ROW) {
      boardVec >>= N_COL;
      row++;
   }

   if (boardVec == 0)
      return false;

   if (boardVec & (TOP_ROW << N_COL * 3))
      return calcBadIslands(boardVec, row);

   int isOdd = row & 1;
   TUInt32 iInfo = boardVec & ((1 << 2 * N_COL) - 1);
   TUInt32 lastRow = (boardVec >> (2 * N_COL)) & TOP_ROW;
   int isClosed = row > 6;

   IslandInfo & islandInfo = g_islandInfo[iInfo];
   TUInt32 mask = getMask(lastRow);
   TUInt32 & isKnownVector = islandInfo.isKnown[isOdd][isClosed];
   TUInt32 & badIsleVector = islandInfo.hasBadIslands[isOdd][isClosed];

   if (isKnownVector & mask)
      return ((badIsleVector & mask) != 0);

   isKnownVector |= mask;

   // calc island info
   bool hasBad = calcBadIslands(boardVec, row);

   // set it
   if (hasBad)
      badIsleVector |= mask;

   return hasBad;
}

bool Board::calcBadIslands(const BitVec boardVec, int row)
{
   BitVec toFill = ~boardVec;
   if (row & 1) {
      row--;
      toFill <<= N_COL;
   }

   BitVec boardMask = BOARD_MASK; // all but the first two bits
   if (row > 4) {
      int boardMaskShift = (row - 4) * N_COL;
      boardMask >>= boardMaskShift;
   }
   toFill &= boardMask;

   // a little pre-work to speed things up
   BitVec bottom = (TOP_ROW << (5 * N_COL));
   bool filled = ((bottom & toFill) == bottom);
   while ((bottom & toFill) == bottom) {
      toFill ^= bottom;
      bottom >>= N_COL;
   }

   BitVec startRegion;
   int iPos;
   if (filled || (row < 4))   {
      startRegion = bottom & toFill;
   } else {
      iPos = getFirstOne(toFill);
      startRegion = 1 << iPos;
      //      startRegion |= ((startRegion & ~R_EDGE_MASK) << 1) & toFill;
      startRegion |= (startRegion << N_COL) & toFill;
   }

   while (toFill)    {
      if (hasBadFirstRegion(toFill, startRegion))
         return true;
      iPos = getFirstOne(toFill);
      startRegion = 1 << iPos;
   }

   return false;
}

bool Board::hasBadIslandsSingle(const BitVec & boardVec, int row)
{
   BitVec toFill = ~boardVec;
   bool isOdd = (row & 1);
   if (isOdd) {
      row--;
      toFill <<= N_COL; // shift to even aligned
      toFill |= TOP_ROW;
   }

   BitVec startRegion = TOP_ROW;
   BitVec lastRow = TOP_ROW << (5 * N_COL);

   BitVec boardMask = BOARD_MASK; // all but the first two bits
   if (row >= 4) {
      int boardMaskShift = (row - 4) * N_COL;
      boardMask >>= boardMaskShift;
   }
   else if ( isOdd || (row == 0) /* || (boardVec & lastRow) */) {
      startRegion = lastRow;
   }

   toFill &= boardMask;
   startRegion &= toFill;

   while (toFill)    {
      if (hasBadFirstRegion(toFill, startRegion))
         return true;
      int iPos = getFirstOne(toFill);
      startRegion = 1 << iPos;
   }

   return false;
}

// recursive vs iterative?
void Board::genAllSolutions(BitVec boardVec, TUInt32 placedPieces, TUInt32 row)
{
   while ((boardVec & TOP_ROW) == TOP_ROW) {
      boardVec >>= N_COL;
      row++;
   }
   TUInt32 iNextFill = s_firstOne[~boardVec & TOP_ROW];

   int pieceMask = 1;
   for (int iPiece = 0; iPiece < N_PIECE_TYPE; iPiece++, pieceMask <<= 1)
   {
      // skip if we've already used this piece
      if (pieceMask & placedPieces)
         continue;
      const AllowedPieces & allowed = g_allowedPieces[row][iNextFill];
      for (int iOrient = 0; iOrient < allowed.nPieces[iPiece]; iOrient++)
      {
         BitVec pieceVec = allowed.pieceVec[iPiece][iOrient];

         // check if piece conflicts with other pieces
         if (pieceVec & boardVec)
            continue;

         // add the piece to the board
         boardVec |= pieceVec;

         if (hasBadIslands(boardVec, row)) {
            // remove the piece from the board vector
            boardVec ^= pieceVec;
            continue;
         }

         // mark piece as placed
         placedPieces |= pieceMask;
         m_curSolution.addPiece(pieceVec, iPiece, row);

         // recur if not done
         if (placedPieces != Piece::ALL_PIECE_MASK)
            genAllSolutions(boardVec, placedPieces, row);
         else
            recordSolution(m_curSolution);

         // remove the piece before continuing with a new piece
         boardVec ^= pieceVec;
         m_curSolution.removeLastPiece();
      }

      placedPieces &= ~pieceMask;
   }
}

void Board::recordSolution(Solution & s)
{
   m_nSolutionFound += 2; // we add the solution and its rotation

   if (m_minSolution.isEmpty()) {
      m_minSolution = m_maxSolution = s;
      return;
   }

   if (s.lessThan(m_minSolution))
      m_minSolution = s;
   else if (m_maxSolution.lessThan(s))
      m_maxSolution = s;

   Solution spun;
   s.spin(spun);
   if (spun.lessThan(m_minSolution))
      m_minSolution = spun;
   else if (m_maxSolution.lessThan(spun))
      m_maxSolution = spun;
}

int main(int argc, char *[])
{
   const int N_SOLUTION = 2098;
   if (argc > 2)
      return 1; // spec says this is an error

   Board board;
   Piece::genAllOrientations();
   board.genAllSolutions(0, 0, 0);

   int nFound = board.m_nSolutionFound;

   cout << nFound << " solutions found\n\n";
   cout << board.m_minSolution.toString() << '\n';
   cout << board.m_maxSolution.toString() << endl;

   if (nFound != N_SOLUTION)
      return 1;

   return 0;
}

 make, command-line, and program output logs

Tue, 30 Apr 2013 05:33:51 GMT

MAKE:
/usr/bin/g++ -c -pipe -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -march=native   meteor.gpp-3.c++ -o meteor.gpp-3.c++.o &&  \
        /usr/bin/g++ meteor.gpp-3.c++.o -o meteor.gpp-3.gpp_run  
rm meteor.gpp-3.c++
1.29s to complete and log all make actions

COMMAND LINE:
./meteor.gpp-3.gpp_run 2098

PROGRAM OUTPUT:
2098 solutions found

0 0 0 0 1 
 2 2 2 0 1 
2 6 6 1 1 
 2 6 1 5 5 
8 6 5 5 5 
 8 6 3 3 3 
4 8 8 9 3 
 4 4 8 9 3 
4 7 4 7 9 
 7 7 7 9 9 

9 9 9 9 8 
 9 6 6 8 5 
6 6 8 8 5 
 6 8 2 5 5 
7 7 7 2 5 
 7 4 7 2 0 
1 4 2 2 0 
 1 4 4 0 3 
1 4 0 0 3 
 1 1 3 3 3

Revised BSD license

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